Citation Resources
How can my learners avoid plagiarism and text misuse?​

Understanding citations and references can be difficult. There are many different styles for citations, such as the widely used and taught styles of MLA, APA, and Chicago. Here is some basic information about these three styles. The next page contains links to other helpful resources on plagarism and citations.
Chicago Citation
​Chicago​
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​Which majors/fields of study use Chicago?
History and humanities
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General Formatting
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Typed
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Double spaced
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One to 1.5-inch margins
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10 to 12pt legible font (like Times New Roman)
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Align text left
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Author's last name and page number placed in upper right corner of each pagepage number)
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Section headings, tables, figures, and illustrations have specific formatting
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Title page includes...
Title (placed high-center)
Student name (placed mid-center)
Course name,instructor name, date (placed low-center)
No page number
​ ​
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Any quote over five lines needs to be indented half an inch
Citations: 
Chicago uses notes and a bibliography that are singled-spaced with an extra line between the entries

Notes (Footnotes & Endnotes) include the following...
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Note all quotes, borrowed ideas, summaries, paraphrases, stats, facts, and visuals by placing a superscript number after referenced material
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Footnotes are placed at the bottom of the page, endotes are placed after the main body's text and follow the numbers of the superscript
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Footnotes and endnotes include all the publication information (author, title, city of publication, publisher, date, page number, etc)
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The first note for each source should include all relevant information about the source. However, when citing the source for a second you only include the author's last name and a shortened form of the title and page number(s)
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Indent the first line of each entry half an in (or five spaces)
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Each note should be in the order of appearance and corresponds to the number in the text
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Endnotes begin on a new page, with the title "Notes" centered an inch from the top
Bibliography is formated in the following way...
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​The title "Bibilography" should be centered and about an inch from the top
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Entries are listed alphabetical by last name (inverted first and last names ex. Stone, Rebecca)
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An entry should be included for ALL works cited and consulted (even if you do not cite it in your paper)
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Entries that are more than one line use hanging indents (all lines besides the first are indented 5 spaces or .5)
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​When there is no author, use the title (ignore articles for sorting purposes)
Website:
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/home.html
MLA Citation​​
Modern Language Association
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Which majors/fields of study use MLA?
English and Humanities
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General Formatting
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Typed
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ouble spacedD
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One-inch margins
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12pt legible font (like Times New Roman)
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Align text left
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Indent the first line of each paragraph five spaces
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 Author's last name and page number placed in upper right corner of each page
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Section headings, tables, and figures have specific formatting
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No title page. However, the first page needs to include the following in the upper left hand...
Student name
Instructor name
Course name
Date
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Any quote over four lines needs to be indented by one inch and use a signal phrase
Citations:
MLA uses parenthetical in-text citations and a works cited page
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In-text citations include the following...
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All in-text citations should be placed at the end of the sentence, but before the punctuation
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All citations (quotes, summaries, paraphrases, borrowed ideas, etc) include the author's last name and page number. Ex. (Stone, pg. 1)​​
Works Cited page is formatted in the following way...
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​Placed at the end of the essay
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Starts on a new page
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The title "Works Cited" placed top-center
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Each source with an in-text citation needs an entry
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Each entry includes the publication information
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Entries are aligned left and double spaced
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Entries that are more than one line use a hanging indents (all lines besides the first are indented 5 spaces or .5)
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Entries are listed alphabetical by last name (invert last and first names ex. Stone, Rebecca)
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​When there is no author, use the title (ignore articles for sorting purposes)
Website:
APA Citation​
American Psychological Association​
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Which majors/fields of study use APA?
Social Sciences (Psychology, Linguistics, Sociology, etc), Business and Nursing
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General Formatting
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​Typed
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Double spaced
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One-inch margins
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12pt legible font (like Times New Roman)
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Align text left
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Running head in upper right corner (shortened title followed by the page number)
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Section headings, tables, and figures have specific formatting
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Title page includes...
Running head
Title (placed mid-center)
Student name
Course name
Instructor name
Date (placed low-center)
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Abstract page with key words
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First body page starts with the title centered followed by the body text
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Any quote over 40 words needs to be indented half an inch and use a signal phrase
Citations: ​
APA uses parenthetical in-text citations and a reference page.

In-text citations include the following...
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All in-text citations should be placed at the end of the sentence, but before the punctuation
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Paraphrases and summaries need the author's last name and year. Ex. (Stone, 2013)
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Quotes need the author's last name, year, and a page or paragraph number. Ex. (Stone, 2013, p. 1)
Reference page is formatted in the following way...
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Placed at the end of the essay
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Starts on a new page
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The title "References" placed top-center
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Each source with an in-text citation needs an entry
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Each entry includes the publication information
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Entries are aligned left and double spaced
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Entries that are more than one line use a hanging indents (all lines besides the first are indented 5 spaces or .5)
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Entries are listed alphabetically by last name (invert last and first names ex. Stone, Rebecca)
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​When there is no author, use the title (ignore articles for sorting purposes)​
Website:
http://www.apastyle.org/learn/index.aspx

